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Protocols and complications in the reconstruction of major scalp defects

Julio Wilson Fernandes; Kátia Sheylla Malta Purim; Michael Hikaru Mikami
Rev. Bras. Cir. Plást. 2020;35(1):133-137 - Special Article

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ABSTRACT

Introduction: This study aimed to analyze the protocols and complications in four unusual cases of large and complex scalp defects, in which conventional, non-microsurgical flaps were used.
Methods: This was a critical and retrospective analysis of four cases. Three immunosuppressed patients had squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) (one underwent liver transplant, one underwent renal transplant, and one had rheumatoid arthritis). The other patient had sequelae of head trauma and multiple neurosurgeries using self-polymerizing acrylic, followed by osteomyelitis and fistula.
Results: The cases of large carcinoma were reconstructed with rotation large scalp flaps. Two of them had epidermolysis/necrosis in a small distal portion of the flaps, which were treated, with excellent aesthetic results. The case of sequelae of trauma was reconstructed with expanded advancement scalp flap over cranioplasty using ribs. Despite the extrusion of one osteosynthesis, the patient healed without recurrence of the fistula, with na excellent aesthetic result.
Conclusion: The analysis of these complex and unusual cases indicates that temporal pedicles are preferred in the planning of flaps for the conventional reconstruction of large scalp defects. The treatment employed for the possible epidermolyses and distal necroses in these flaps led to satisfying aesthetic and functional results.

Keywords: Scalp; Reconstructive surgical procedures; Head and neck neoplasms; Penetrating head trauma; Organ transplantation.

 

RESUMO

Introdução: Estudar as condutas e as complicações em quatro casos infrequentes de grandes e complexas deformidades do couro cabeludo, em que retalhos convencionais, não microcirúrgicos, foram empregados.
Métodos: Análise crítica e retrospectiva de três casos de carcinomas espinocelulares (CEC) em pacientes imunossuprimidos (transplantado renal, hepático e paciente com artrite reumatoide) e um caso de sequela de trauma cranioencefálico, decorrente de múltiplas neurocirurgias com emprego de acrílico autopolimerizável, seguido de osteomielite e fístula.
Resultados: Os casos de extensos carcinomas, foram reconstruídos com a rotação de grandes retalhos de couro cabeludo, havendo em dois deles epidermólise/necrose em pequena porção distal dos retalhos, que foram tratadas com excelente resultado estético. O caso sequela de trauma, foi reconstruído com retalho expandido de couro cabeludo, avançado sobre cranioplastia com costelas, que apesar da extrusão de uma osteossíntese, cicatrizou sem recidiva da fístula com excelente resultado estético.
Conclusão: A análise destes casos complexos e invulgares, indica preferencialmente os pedículos temporais no planejamento de retalhos para a reconstrução convencional de grandes defeitos do couro cabeludo. As possíveis epidermólises e necroses distais nestes retalhos, tratadas da forma apresentada, levaram a gratificantes resultados estéticos e funcionais.

Palavras-chave: Couro cabeludo; Procedimentos cirúrgicos reconstrutivos; Neoplasias de cabeça e pescoço; Traumatismos cranianos penetrantes; Transplante de órgãos

 

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